Multiple integrated circuit die package with thermal performance

ABSTRACT

A multi-die package comprises a heat spreader disposed on a printed circuit substrate, at least one integrated circuit die disposed on a top side of the heat spreader and at least one other integrated circuit die disposed on a bottom side of the heat spreader wherein the dies are connected to the substrate by wire bonds. Thermal solder balls are electrically connected to solderable pads of the heat spreader through the open holes of the substrate, so as to couple the heat spreader to function as a ground plane. Some of the ground pads of the dies can be bonded onto the heat spreader and the others bonded onto the substrate. Alternatively, all of the dies could only be connected to the substrate by wire bonding, and not connected to the heat spreader.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

The invention relates to processes for packaging multiple integratedcircuit dies, and more particularly, to a method of packaging multipleintegrated circuit dies on both sides of an interposer.

(2) Description of the Related Art

Integrated circuit (IC) chips have been increasing in size and functionto meet the demand for the manufacture of electronic products withsmaller size, lighter weight, thinner profile and low cost along withhigh thermal and electrical performance. To accommodate these chips inIC packaging for miniaturization, the trend of package development ismoving toward stack-up dies in 3 dimensions.

U.S. Patent Application 2005/0280139 (Zhao et al) discloses a die-uparray where a die is attached to one side of a stiffener and a heat slugis attached to the other side of the stiffener. U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,057(Bolkin et al) shows a ball grid array (BGA) package having dies coupledto both sides of an interposer. Sets of two dies coupled on either sideof an interposer can be stacked and interconnected using interfaceballs. U.S. Pat. No. 7,038,312 (Khan et al) shows a die-up package on aheat spreader or stiffener. U.S. Pat. No. 6,483,187 (Chao et al)discloses a grounded heat spreader with a substrate thereover and a diewithin the cavity. No stack-up dies are disclosed or suggested.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,447,321 (Perino et al) shows an IC epoxied to a basethat acts as a heat spreader and is a ground plane. An IC can be withina cavity in the base. U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,943 (Mertol) describes an ICwithin a cavity formed by a heat spreader and a stiffener. The IC isattached to a substrate via solder balls. U.S. Patent Application2005/0280141 (Zhang) shows a die-down package where an IC is in a cavityof a heat spreader. The IC is wire bonded to a substrate attached to theheat spreader and is further attached to an interposer via solder balls.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A principal object of the present invention is to provide acost-effective and very manufacturable method of packaging IC dies.

A further object of the invention is to provide a method of packagingmore than two IC dies.

Another object is to provide a method of packaging at least two IC diesfor optimum thermal performance.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a multi-die packagehaving optimum thermal performance.

According to the objects of the invention, a method of assembling amulti-die package is achieved. A heat spreader is disposed on a printedcircuit substrate. At least one integrated circuit die is disposed on atop side of the heat spreader and at least one other integrated circuitdie is disposed on a bottom side of the heat spreader wherein the diesare connected to the substrate by wire bonds.

Thermal solder balls are electrically connected to solderable pads ofthe heat spreader through the open holes of the substrate, so as tocouple the heat spreader to function as a ground plane. Some of theground pads of the dies can be bonded onto the heat spreader and theothers bonded onto the substrate. Alternatively, all of the dies couldonly be connected to the substrate by wire bonding, and not connected tothe heat spreader.

Also according to the objects of the invention, a multi-die package isachieved. The multi-die package comprises a heat spreader disposed on aprinted circuit substrate, at least one integrated circuit die disposedon a top side of the heat spreader and at least one other integratedcircuit die disposed on a bottom side of the heat spreader wherein thedies are connected to the substrate by wire bonds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings forming a material part of thisdescription, there is shown:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates in cross-sectional representation afirst preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically illustrate in cross-sectionalrepresentation enlarged views of two alternative structures in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically illustrate a top view and a bottom view,respectively, of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically illustrate a top view and a bottom view,respectively, of a portion of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates in cross-sectional representation asecond preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate in cross-sectionalrepresentation enlarged views of two alternative structures in FIG. 5.

FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate a top view and a bottom view,respectively, of FIG. 5.

FIGS. 8 and 9 schematically illustrate in cross-sectional representationexamples of other embodiments of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the present invention, at least two IC dies are packaged with thesupport of a heat spreader and interconnected to a printed circuitsubstrate with wire bonding. The heat spreader provides powerdissipation as well as functioning as a ground plane. The packagestructure of multiple integrated circuit (IC) dies is assembled on bothsurfaces of a heat spreader and wire bonded onto both surfaces of aprinted circuit substrate.

The first die is disposed on a first surface of a heat spreader and iselectrically connected by wire bonding through the open slot of the heatspreader to the first surface of the substrate. The second die sits in acavity on the second surface of the heat spreader wherein there is anopening in the substrate underlying the cavity. The second die iselectrically connected by wire bonding onto the second surface of thesubstrate. Solder balls are attached on the second surface of thesubstrate for subsequent connection to a second level printed circuitboard, not shown. More dies could be stacked on the first and seconddies in the package. The heat spreader can also be finished with Ag,Ni/Au, or Ni/Pd for wire bonding electrically connected from the dies.

Thermal solder balls are electrically connected to the solderable padsof the heat spreader through the open holes of the substrate, so as tocouple the heat spreader to function as a ground plane. The thermalsolder balls are electrically connected to the solderable pads of theheat spreader and the ground leads of the substrate through the platedthrough-hole (PTH) of the latter. Some of the ground pads of the diescan be bonded onto the heat spreader, and the others bonded onto thesubstrate, based on design optimization. Alternatively, all of the diescould only be connected to the substrate by wire bonding, and notconnected to the heat spreader. In the disclosure, the heat spreaderalso functions as a ground plane. The grounded heat spreader can beachieved either with or without wire bonding on the heat spreader fromthe dies.

According to the present invention, the first die in the cavity of theheat spreader is normally not larger than the second die on the firstsurface of the heat spreader. For multiple dies more than two dies, thedies in the cavity face down, while the dies on the first surface of theheat spreader face up. Dies are attached to one another by die attachadhesive or bonding film. The multi-die package could be encapsulatedwith glue-top dispensing, printing or transfer molding. The substrateused in the packages could be a polyimide-based flexible tape, asemi-flexible epoxy-based substrate, or a laminated rigid printedcircuit substrate containing a two-metal conductor layer (2-ML), ormulti-metal conductor layer with more than 2 layers. The heat spreadercould be made of aluminum or copper and their alloys or other compositematerials or ceramic materials with good thermal conductivity. Dies areall attached to one side of the heat spreader and encapsulated beforeother dies are attached to the second side of the heat spreader andencapsulated.

The process of the invention will be further described with reference tothe drawing figures. It will be understood by those skilled in the artthat the invention is not limited to the examples shown in the figures.Variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departingfrom the scope and spirit of the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first preferred embodiment of the invention showinga multi-die package with grounded heat spreader 10. The thermal solderball attachment structure 20 also provides the ground connection to theheat spreader. FIG. 3A shows a top view of the package and FIG. 3B showsa bottom view of the package. Die 11 is attached to the bottom surfaceof the heat spreader within the cavity, as shown in FIG. 3B. Die 12 isattached to the top surface of the heat spreader as shown in FIG. 3A.Dies are attached to the heat spreader using conventional die attachadhesive or bonding films.

The die 12 is electrically connected by wire bonding 24 through the openslot of the heat spreader to the first surface of the substrate 16. Thedie 11 is electrically connected by wire bonding 25 to the secondsurface of the substrate. The ground pads of dies 11 and 12 are wirebonded 19 to the heat spreader. FIGS. 3A and 3B show the wire bond rings30, finished with Ag, Ni/Au, or Ni/Pd, on the heat spreader. FIG. 3Bshows BGA balls 32.

Solder balls 32 are formed on the bottom surface of the substrate. Someof these balls are thermal balls 20, directly attached to the heatspreader through the open holes or plated through holes of the substrate16 to couple the heat spreader as a ground plane. Substrate 16 may be atwo-metal layer or multi-metal layer substrate. In this embodiment, theheat spreader is grounded by the wire bonding from the die and also bycoupling of the thermal balls to the heat spreader. Sometimes, wirebonding on the heat spreader is desirable when too many wires are neededfor bonding. Wire bonding on the heat spreader could reduce one row ofwire bonding to the substrate.

FIG. 2A shows a plated through hole and FIG. 2B shows an open hole. InFIG. 2A, the thermal solder ball 20 is connected to the heat spreaderthrough the sidewall of the plated through hole and the clearance of thehole. In FIG. 2B, the thermal solder ball 20 is connected to the heatspreader only through the clearance of the hole which is not a platedthrough hole. That is, the plated through-hole has copper conductor 21on the sidewall of the hole. The open hole has no copper conductor onthe sidewall of the hole.

A metal finish such as silver or Ni/Au may be deposited on the wirebonding rings 30 for wire bonding. Ball pads for thermal solder ballattachment are applied on the bottom surface of the heat spreader. Theball pads may be finished with flash silver, tin, solder or Ni/flash Aufor solderability of the thermal solder balls.

FIG. 4A shows the top side and FIG. 4B shows the bottom side of the heatspreader. The heat spreader has a thickness of between about 0.125 and2.0 mm and has a cavity and slot openings, as shown, fabricated bychemical etching or mechanical stamping. The heat spreader is treatedwith organic solder preservative (OSP), brown oxide or black oxide forgood adhesion of an adhesive for substrate attachment. The substrate isattached to the bottom side of the heat spreader preferably by athermo-set adhesive having a preferred thickness of between about 0.025to 0.10 mm.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show the strip format of the heat spreader for thefabrication of the package. FIG. 1 shows the package which uses one heatspreader; that is, view C-C′ of FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIGS. 4A and 4B show,for example, three heat spreaders in the assembly process. FIGS. 4A and4B show slots 50 through the heat spreader. The metal finish such assilver, Ni/Au, or Ni/Pd for the wire bonding is shown by 52 and 54 andfor thermal ball attachment is shown by 56.

Encapsulation 40 is shown on the first surface of the heat spreader andencapsulation 42 is shown on the second surface in FIG. 1.

A second preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 7A shows the die12 attached to the top surface of the heat spreader in FIG. 5. FIG. 7Bshows die 11 attached to the bottom surface of the heat spreader withinthe cavity. In this embodiment, the heat spreader is coupled as a groundplane without wire bonding on the heat spreader. All of the wires 24, 25are bonded on the substrate 16 including the ground pads of the dies.The thermal balls 20 are directly attached on the heat spreader throughthe open holes or plated through-holes (PTH) of the substrate which areconnected to the ground leads as shown in FIG. 5, leading the heatspreader to function as a ground plane. As a result, not a wire bondablemetal finish, but a solderable metal finish is required on the heatspreader. The solderable metal finish on the heat spreader could beflash Ag, OSP, Sn or solder, etc. This is a simpler requirement for themetal finish on the heat spreader, thus reducing costs. No wirebondingis performed to the heat spreader in this embodiment.

More than two dies can be packaged in the disclosed package structure.Extra dies would be stacked on either the top side or the bottom side,or both sides of the heat spreader. In FIGS. 8 and 9, three and fivedies are packaged in the structure, respectively. In FIG. 8, dies 12 and13 are stacked on the top surface and die 11 is on the bottom surface ofthe heat spreader. In FIG. 9, dies 12, 13, and 14 are stacked on the topsurface of the heat spreader and dies 11 and 15 are stacked on thebottom surface. More dies can also be stacked on either the top or thebottom side. Stacking is accomplished by using a die attach adhesive orbonding films, as conventional.

Encapsulation of the dies on each side of the heat spreader comprisesglue-top dispensing encapsulation, printing encapsulation, or transfermolding. Encapsulation of the completed stack of dies on one side of theheat spreader is performed before the stacking of dies on the other sideof the heat spreader.

The present invention provides a method for stacking two or more IC diesin a package using a heat spreader as a grounded base on a substrate.The dies are stacked on both sides of the heat spreader. The multi-diepackage of the invention achieves high thermal performance.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. A multi-die package comprising: a heat spreader disposed on a printedcircuit substrate; at least one integrated circuit die disposed on a topside of said heat spreader; and at least one other integrated circuitdie disposed on a bottom side of said heat spreader wherein said diesare connected to said substrate by wire bonds.
 2. The multi-die packageaccording to claim 1 further comprising top and bottom encapsulation ofsaid integrated circuit dies wherein said encapsulation comprisesglue-top dispensing encapsulation, printing encapsulation, or transfermolding.
 3. The multi-die package according to claim 1 furthercomprising solder ball attachment on a bottom surface of said substratefor surface mounting of a second printed circuit board.
 4. The multi-diepackage according to claim 1 further comprising one or more additionalintegrated circuit dies stacked on said at least one integrated circuitdie disposed on said top side or on said at least one integrated circuitdie disposed on said bottom side or on both said integrated circuit diesdisposed on top and bottom sides of said heat spreader.
 5. The multi-diepackage according to claim 1 wherein said integrated circuit die on saidtop side of said heat spreader is electrically connected to saidsubstrate by said wire bonds through an open slot of said heat spreader.6. The multi-die package according to claim 1 wherein ground pads ofsaid dies are wire bonded to said heat spreader.
 7. The multi-diepackage according to claim 1 wherein thermal solder balls are directlyconnected to said heat spreader through open holes or platedthrough-holes of said substrate whereby said heat spreader functions asa ground plane.
 8. The multi-die package according to claim 7 whereinground pads of said dies are wire bonded to said substrate and are notwire bonded to said heat spreader and wherein ground leads of saidsubstrate are linked to said thermal balls.
 9. The multi-die packageaccording to claim 1 wherein said heat spreader comprises metals such asCu or Al or their alloys or ceramic or organic composite materials withgood thermal conductivity.
 10. The multi-die package according to claim1 wherein said heat spreader has a thickness of 0.125 to 2.0 mm and hasa cavity and slot openings fabricated by chemical etching or mechanicalstamping.
 11. The multi-die package according to claim 1 wherein saidheat spreader is treated with organic solder preservative (OSP), brownoxide or black oxide for good adhesion of an adhesive for substrateattachment.
 12. The multi-die package according to claim 6 wherein wirebonding ground rings and solderable pads on said heat spreader arefinished with silver or Ni/soft Au or Ni/Pd for wire bondability andsolderability.
 13. The multi-die package according to claim 7 whereinportions of said heat spreader where said thermal solder balls areconnected are finished with flash silver, tin, solder or Ni/flash Au forsolderability of said thermal solder balls.
 14. The multi-die packageaccording to claim 1 wherein said printed circuit substrate comprises aflexible polyimide tape substrate, a semi-flexible epoxy-basedsubstrate, or a laminated rigid substrate.
 15. The multi-die packageaccording to claim 1 wherein said printed circuit substrate comprises atwo-metal conductor layer, or a multi-metal conductor layer with morethan two metal layers.
 16. The multi-die package according to claim 1wherein said printed circuit substrate is attached to said heat spreaderby a thermo-set adhesive film having a thickness of 0.025 to 0.1 mm. 17.The multi-die package according to claim 1 wherein said heat spreaderhas a cavity on its bottom side wherein said at least one otherintegrated circuit die disposed on a bottom side of said heat spreaderis disposed within said cavity, wherein said substrate is disposed onsaid bottom side of said heat spreader, and wherein there is an openingin said substrate underlying said cavity.
 18. A method of assembling amulti-die package comprising: providing a heat spreader disposed on aprinted circuit substrate; disposing at least one integrated circuit dieon a top side of said heat spreader; and disposing at least one otherintegrated circuit die on a bottom side of said heat spreader whereinsaid dies are connected to said substrate by wire bonds.
 19. The methodaccording to claim 18 further comprising encapsulating said top side ofsaid package and encapsulating said bottom side of said package whereinsaid encapsulating comprises glue-top dispensing encapsulation, printingencapsulation, or transfer molding.
 20. The method according to claim 18further comprising attaching solder balls on a bottom surface of saidsubstrate for surface mounting a second printed circuit board.
 21. Themethod according to claim 18 wherein said at least one die disposed onsaid bottom side of said heat spreader sits in a cavity of said heatspreader, wherein a top surface of said substrate is attached to saidbottom side of said heat spreader and wherein there is an opening insaid substrate underlying said cavity.
 22. The method according to claim18 further comprising stacking one or more additional integrated circuitdies on said at least one integrated circuit die disposed on said topside or on said at least one integrated circuit die disposed on saidbottom side or on both said integrated circuit dies disposed on top andbottom sides of said heat spreader.
 23. The method according to claim 22wherein all of said stacking on one side of said heat spreader iscompleted before said stacking on another side of said heat spreader isbegun.
 24. The method according to claim 18 wherein said connecting saidintegrated circuit die on said top side of said heat spreader to saidsubstrate is by wire bonding through an open slot of said heat spreader.25. The method according to claim 18 further comprising wire bondingground pads of said dies to said heat spreader.
 26. The method accordingto claim 18 further comprising directly connecting thermal solder ballsto said heat spreader through open holes or plated through-holes of saidsubstrate whereby said heat spreader functions as a ground plane. 27.The method according to claim 26 wherein ground pads of said dies arewire bonded to said substrate and are not wire bonded to said heatspreader and wherein ground leads of said substrate are linked to saidthermal solder balls.
 28. The method according to claim 18 wherein saidheat spreader comprises metals such as Cu or Al or their alloys orceramic or organic composite materials with good thermal conductivity.29. The method according to claim 18 wherein said heat spreader has athickness of 0.125 to 2.0 mm and further comprising forming a cavity andslot openings in said heat spreader by chemical etching or mechanicalstamping.
 30. The method according to claim 18 further comprising:treating said heat spreader with organic solder preservative (OSP),brown oxide or black oxide; and thereafter attaching said substrate tosaid heat spreader using a thermo-set adhesive film having a thicknessof 0.025 to 0.1 mm.
 31. The method according to claim 25 furthercomprising finishing wire bonding ground rings and solderable pads onsaid heat spreader with silver or Ni/soft Au or Ni/Pd for wirebondability and solderability.
 32. The method according to claim 26further comprising finishing portions of said heat spreader where saidthermal solder balls are connected with flash silver, tin, solder orNi/flash Au for solderability of said thermal solder balls.
 33. Themethod according to claim 18 wherein said printed circuit substratecomprises a flexible polyimide tape substrate, a semi-flexibleepoxy-based substrate, or a laminated rigid substrate.
 34. The methodaccording to claim 18 wherein said printed circuit substrate comprises atwo-metal conductor layer, or a multi-metal conductor layer with morethan two metal layers.
 35. A method of assembling a multi-die packagecomprising: providing a heat spreader disposed on a printed circuitsubstrate; disposing at least one integrated circuit die on a top sideof said heat spreader; disposing at least one other integrated circuitdie on a bottom side of said heat spreader wherein said dies areconnected to said substrate by wire bonds; attaching thermal solderballs on a bottom surface of said substrate; and electrically connectingsaid thermal solder balls to said heat spreader through open holes insaid substrate.
 36. The method according to claim 35 further comprisingencapsulating said top side of said package and encapsulating saidbottom side of said package wherein said encapsulating comprisesglue-top dispensing encapsulation, printing encapsulation, or transfermolding.
 37. The method according to claim 35 wherein said at least onedie disposed on said bottom side of said heat spreader sits in a cavityof said heat spreader, wherein a top surface of said substrate isattached to said bottom side of said heat spreader and wherein there isan opening in said substrate underlying said cavity.
 38. The methodaccording to claim 35 further comprising stacking one or more additionalintegrated circuit dies on said at least one integrated circuit diedisposed on said top side or on said at least one integrated circuit diedisposed on said bottom side or on both said integrated circuit diesdisposed on top and bottom sides of said heat spreader.
 39. The methodaccording to claim 38 wherein all of said stacking on one side of saidheat spreader is completed before said stacking on another side of saidheat spreader is begun.
 40. The method according to claim 39 whereinsaid connecting said integrated circuit die on said top side of saidheat spreader to said substrate is by wire bonding through an open slotof said heat spreader.
 41. The method according to claim 35 furthercomprising wire bonding ground pads of said dies to said heat spreader.42. The method according to claim 35 wherein ground pads of said diesare wire bonded to said substrate and are not wire bonded to said heatspreader and wherein ground leads of said substrate are linked to saidthermal balls.
 43. The method according to claim 35 wherein said heatspreader comprises metals such as Cu or Al or their alloys or ceramic ororganic composite materials with good thermal conductivity.
 44. Themethod according to claim 35 wherein said heat spreader has a thicknessof 0.125 to 2.0 mm and further comprising forming a cavity and slotopenings in said heat spreader by chemical etching or mechanicalstamping.
 45. The method according to claim 35 further comprising:treating said heat spreader with organic solder preservative (OSP),brown oxide or black oxide; and thereafter attaching said substrate tosaid heat spreader using a thermo-set adhesive film having a thicknessof 0.025 to 0.1 mm.
 46. The method according to claim 35 furthercomprising finishing wire bonding ground rings and solderable pads onsaid heat spreader with silver or Ni/soft Au or Ni/Pd for wirebondability and solderability.
 47. The method according to claim 35further comprising finishing portions of said heat spreader where saidthermal solder balls are connected with flash silver, tin, solder orNi/flash Au for solderability of said thermal solder balls.
 48. Themethod according to claim 35 wherein said printed circuit substratecomprises a flexible polyimide tape substrate, a semi-flexibleepoxy-based substrate, or a laminated rigid substrate.
 49. The methodaccording to claim 35 wherein said printed circuit substrate comprises atwo-metal conductor layer, or a multi-metal conductor layer with morethan two metal layers.